kaLiyATTaM at ve~Nkil cherikkal koTTaM, OtayammATaM, cheRukunnu, Kerala
PoTTan, GuLikan and KuRatti theyyam
An eye witness report
A. Purushothaman
[The photos of teyyam performances at ve~Nkil cherikkal koTTam on 2nd and 3rd April 2010 were taken by
Madhu, Appolo Studio, Cherukunnu.]
ve~Nkil cherikkal koTTaM, OtayammATaM,
P.O.cherukunnu - 670 301, kaNNUr district celebrated the annual kaLiyATTaM
during 2nd and 3rd April, 2010.
2nd April 2010
ve~Nkil cherikkal koTTaM is the koTTaM of nirichchan taRavAT
(pulaya community). The koTTaM is located at otayammaTaM where the paddy
field begins.
Members from ten branches (pattillakkAr) assembled at kArakkATan
taRavAT, located at pATi, on 2nd April, 2010 at 7.30 am.
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The komaram handed over the lighted traditional lamp
to the present chief
(known as tantri) of nirichchan taRavAT. The tantri carried the
lamp from pATi to ve~Nkil cherikkal kotTaM as a procession
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lamp |
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procession in the morning |
procession in the morning |
procession in the evening |
accompanied by
two cheNTa players, komaram and an olakkUTa (umbrella of palm leaf),
beautifully decorated with tender leaves of coconut tree (kuruttola)
along with the members of the branches of taRavAT. The tantri carried the
lamp to the koTTam (bhagavati temple).
(At this time, brahmin priest was present at the koTTaM, to conduct a
gaNapati homaM).
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In the evening, at about 5.30 pm, a light (dIpaM) and a wick (tiri)
was brought by the tantri from cherukunnu annapUrNeshvari temple as a
procession as in the morning. This time the tantri was wearing a red
cloth band (resembling the sacred thread worn by brahmins) across his
shoulder and chest. The lamp was carried in a pot of mud. The tantri
carried the lamp to the koTTam (bhagavati temple) as in the morning.
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tantri carrying the lamp in a pot entering the koTTam |
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All of them then went to the pond (kuLaM) of the nearby otayammATaM temple
for taking bath. After taking bath, they turned towards the temple deity and
paid obeisance. Carrying a lighted olachchUTTu (bunch of dried coconut
leaves tied together and lighted) and shouting Ohoho (probably as a
warning to the upper caste people to stay away, as in olden days,
due to untochability) loudly, all returned to the koTTaM.
Then following were sung by tallariyal lakShmaNan (tallariyal lakShMaNan,
mutukuTa harijan colony, P.O. PaTTuvaM 670 143, kaNNUr Dist)
accompanied by three others. Three of them, including lakShmaNan used
tuTi, hung over their shoulders and the fourth, a che~Ngila:
varaviLi, iruLuM veLichchavuM, tuTishAstraM, arishAstraM and gaNapatistuti.
At 8.30 pm, the first teyyam, puRappATu of dharmadaiva~Ngal, the first
teyyaM was performed.
At 10 pm, the kalashaM is taken as a procession from kArakkATan
taRavAT at pATi accompanied by shi~NkAri meLaM (vinAyaka vAdya saMghaM).
Shri lakShmaNan informed that, during the procession,
the story of amR^itamathana is recited (kalashaM = madhu = amR^ita).
3rd April 2010
The toRRaM song of poTTan theyyaM was sung by lakShMaNan and others.
By 4.30 am, melari is kept ready as a heap of red ashes and
burning wood in the field adjacent to the koTTaM. At one side, huge logs
of wood are kept burning.
5 am: poTTan teyyaM (kolakkAran: rameshan).
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melari |
poTTan teyyam at melari |
receiving blessings from PoTTan teyyam |
After preliminary rituals, and circumambulating the melari
three times, poTTan lies down in the melari. Two people pull him out. This
is repeated several times. poTTan then goes to the burning logs of wood and
is pulled out.
Lying down, leaning on the burning melari, poTTan calls out eLangIle
(meaning nambiars) and the representatives of four castes. They come
forward and poTTan talks to them.
poTTan lies down in melari and the logs of wood several times and is pulled
out.
At 7 .00 am guLikan teyyam. The toRRaM song is sung by lakShMaNan and
others. guLikan runs around the border of the koTTaM. guLikan goes inside
the building. He even climbs on the terrace! He climbs on to the wall of
the well in the koTTaM. He goes to a spot in the field and returns.
He climbs on a stool and revolves.
At 7.30 am all of us paid obeisance to poTTan teyyam and sought blessings.
At 8.00 am kuRatti teyyaM. (kolakkAran udayan)
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guLikan teyyam |
kuRatti teyyam |
kuRatti teyyam |
After dressing up, kuRattiyamma circumambulates the koTTaM and pay obeisance
to poTTan and guLikan. Then the kuRatti teyyaM receives kuRi and
tiri from the tantri from the bhagavati temple in a plantain leaf
and comes to the kurattiyamma maNDapaM.
The toRRaM song is sung by lakShMaNan and others. (The first part was not
sung due to time constraint as explained by lakShMaNan later).
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guLikan and kuRatti teyyam |
poTTan, kuRatti and guLikan teyyam |
poTTan and kuRatti teyyam |
After the toRRaM song, kuRattiyamma performs a dance.
Going to the bhagavati koTTaM, kuRatti says: Am I not the one who removed
the mAraNaM of pa~nchapANDavanmAr?
kuRatti and guLikan circumambulate the koTTaM.
kuRatti, guLikan and poTTan circumambulate the koTTaM.
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poTTan teyyam |
guLikan teyyam |
9.00 am viShNu mUrti
10.00 am cheRiya bhagavati and valiya bhagavati
(We did not watch the last two teyyaMs)
April 7, 2010
teyyam performers:
Pottan - Rameshan
Gulikan - Bava
Kuratti - Udayan
For more information consult the following:
- J.R. Freeman, Untouchable Bodies of Knowledge in the Spirit Possession
of Malabar, Images of the Body in India,
Edited by Axel Michaels and Christoph Wulf, New Delhi & London: Routledge, Fall,
2010, 125-155.
- J. R. Freeman, Possession Rites and the Tantric Temple: A Case-Study
from Northern Kerala
- KuRatti ToRRaM, study and commentary by M.V. Vishnu Nambudiri,
distributed by Current ̄Books, Thrissur (1999).
- A. Purushothaman
and A. Harindranath, Nizhalkkuttu and other Mahabharata episodes from
Kerala, Text and Variations of the Mahabharata: Contextual, Regional
and Performative Traditions,
Edited by Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty, Munshiram Manoharlal, 2009, Samiksika
Series No. 2, xxiv, 336 p, ISBN: 81-904029-9-4
Available
online